Zhou, Bocheng https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6015-1743
Yu, Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-4792
Liu, Chang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-6987
Wang, Yao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-5375
Wang, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4775-5457
Wang, Ruofan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-704X
Liu, Qingzhu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9695-2246
Ji, Taoyun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-3257
Wang, Shuang
Wang, Huili https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-3689
Wu, Ye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9644-9520
Liu, Xiaoyan
Jiang, Yuwu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-9807
Cai, Lixin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-6428
Article History
Received: 14 February 2025
Revised: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 2 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the institutional review board of the ethics committee of Peking University First Hospital. The parents of all participants had been provided written informed consent for the use of the children’s information for scientific purposes.