Zhu, Hongzhen
Oliveras-Julià, Pol
Hasperhoven, Gea F.
van Leeuwen, Luca L.
de Bruijn, Ad C. J. M.
Verwijs, Marijn C.
van Rossum, Annemarie M. C.
Kornelisse, René F.
Stol, Kim
Unger, Wendy W. J.
Article History
Received: 17 March 2025
Revised: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Change Date: 20 October 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: Due to a typesetting mistake, in Figures 2, 4 and 6 the abbreviation to denote UU has been replaced by UP, which was incorrect. The publishers would like to apologize for this mistake. The figure have been corrected.
Change Date: 28 October 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04547-3
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the hospital’s Medical Research Ethics Committee (ID MEC-2020-0159). Parents provided informed consent to use left-over materials, including tracheal aspirates.