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Authors
Chin, Yu-Ting
Wu, Pei-Wen
Huang, Pin-Rui
Tsai, Sharon
Lin, Wei-Ting
Lee, Chun-Ying
Tsai, Wei-Chung
Lee, Chien-Hung
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2024
Revised: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 23 August 2025
First Online: 20 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed assent and consent were collected from all student participants and their guardians to ensure voluntary participation and compliance with ethical standards in both studies. The Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital approved the study protocol (approval no. KMUHIRB-20120103).
