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Authors
Tsai, Yi-Giien
Liu, Chin-San
Hung, Chih-Hsing
Yang, Hsiao-Yu
Yeh, Yen-Po
Chang, Yu-Jun
Lee, Jui Huan
Lin, Ching-Hsiung
Wang, Shu-Li
Huang, Shau-Ku
Chan, Chang-Chuan
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Revised: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 7 September 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants and their legal guardians included in the study. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Changhua Christian Hospital (IRB Nos. 160321 and 160207) and conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines.
