Schwartz, Samantha R.
Vuong, Kim T.
Obregon, Evelyn
Marlais, Matko
Starr, Michelle
Askenazi, David
Article History
Received: 17 August 2025
Accepted: 30 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Competing interests
: All authors report no real or perceived conflicts of interest that could affect the study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. For full disclosure, we provide the additional list of authors’ other commitments and funding sources that are not directly related to this study. Dr. Askenazi consults for Nuwellis and Seastar. He is Chief Scientific Officer of Zorro-Flow Inc. He has invention rights for urine collection and fluid balance systems.