Granger, Claire L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5920-9325
Masi, Andrea C.
Lamb, Christopher A.
Embleton, Nicholas D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-5566
Beck, Lauren C.
Palmer, Jeremy M.
Stewart, Christopher J.
Berrington, Janet E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6185-2843
Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Revised: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 4 October 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Participants were recruited to an ongoing REC approved sample salvage study (SERVIS Supporting Research in Vulnerable Infants REC 10/H0908/39). No additional consent was required for this study.