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Authors
Ding, Jhao-Jhuang
Chiu, Chiao-Fan
Su, Ya-Ting
Lin, Shih-Hua
Chiang, Ming-Chou
Chu, Shih-Ming
Wu, Tai-Wei
Lien, Reyin
Tseng, Min-Hua
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2024
Revised: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The appropriate ethics committee approved the study at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan, R.O.C. (IRB 202401258B0). This research was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided written informed consent.
