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Authors
Lin, Yi-Chun
Chang, Yu-Tzu
Hoi, Mei-Cheng
Lin, Ro-Ting
Liu, Wei-Lin
Ko, Cheng-Hung
Liao, Yu-Chi
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Revised: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures were approved by the Human Experiment Research Ethics Committee of China Medical University Hospital (CMUH112-REC1-065). All participants and their parents received a brief introduction to the study and provided written informed consent prior to participating. Consent was obtained from both the participants and their parents.
