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Authors
Dorner, Rebecca A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4865-0435
Li, Lei
Lemmon, Monica E.
Zangeneh, Sahar Z.
Das, Abhik
Discenza, Deborah A.
Mancini, Toni
Vaucher, Yvonne
Wyckoff, Myra H.
Hintz, Susan
DeMauro, Sara B.
Carlo, Waldemar A.
Gustafson, Kathryn E.
Katheria, Anup
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Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Revised: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: The institutional review board at each participating hospital approved data collection. Waiver of parental consent was granted for inpatient data collection for all but 5 hospitals. Most hospitals required parental consent for participation in the follow-up study, but 5 hospitals allowed participation under waiver.
