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Authors
Huang, Jihong
Shang, Wenyuan
Chen, Sun
Li, Wenjuan
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 23 November 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived. All patient data were anonymized prior to analysis to ensure privacy and confidentiality.
