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Authors
Lee, Jooyoung
Choi, Yoonjeong
Kim, Miji
Lee, Woo Hyung
Leigh, Ja-Ho
Bang, Moon Suk
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Revised: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 7 December 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The requirement for ethical approval was waived by the Institutional Review Board of the Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (IRB No. E-2405-113-1537). Further, the requirement for informed consent was waived because all data in the NHIS were anonymized and de-identified.
: The need for informed consent was waived by the ethics review board.
