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Authors
Ouyang, Qianhan
Bei, Fei
Yan, Chongbing
Weng, Bowen
Zhang, Yuanyang
You, You
Xia, Hongping
Cai, Cheng
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Article History
Received: 7 July 2025
Revised: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 17 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Children’s Hospital (Approval number: 2024RY069-E01) and certifies that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. The study was retrospective, did not involve a diagnostic intervention for children, and informed consent was waived.
