van Wesemael, Aranka J. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6957-3850
Klomp, Kelly https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4720-3043
Malinowska, Anna M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-1328
van Kaam, Anton H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4030-7085
de Meij, Tim G. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-5896
Belzer, Clara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-836X
Niemarkt, Hendrik J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-7208
,
van den Akker, Chris H. P.
de Kroon, Rimke R.
Frerichs, Nina M.
Oldenburger, Nathalie J.
Kouwenberg-Raets, Marlou M. A.
Hulzebos, Christian V.
d’Haens, Esther
de Boode, Willem P.
Vermeulen, Marijn J.
Vijlbrief, Daniel C.
Cossey, Veerle
Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Revised: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 17 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the local medical ethical review boards of participating NICUs (protocol 2014.386, amendment A2016.363). Informed consent of all study participants was obtained from the parent(s) or legal guardian(s).