Updates are available Correction dated 2026-03-18

Article History

Received: 24 December 2025

Revised: 30 January 2026

Accepted: 8 February 2026

First Online: 28 February 2026

Change Date: 16 March 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In Fig. 1 of this article, the caption 'Distribution of the study population and residual diagnostics for the mixed-effects models' should have read 'Distribution of the study population'. In the sentence beginning 'UB levels were positively associated' in this article, the term 'GA' should have read 'Alb'.

Change Date: 18 March 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-026-04919-3

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Upon patient admission at our institution, we obtained consent for the use of laboratory data for research. In particular, written informed consent was obtained from the guardians of all participants. An opt-out option was also provided on the hospital website. The study protocol for the use of anonymized, non-linkable data was approved by the institutional ethics committee (KMC-C2025-034).

: Written consent was obtained from all participants, and an opt-out option was provided on the hospital’s website.