He, Ying
Dong, Jinfeng
Lin, Fan
Zhang, Jiaying
Zheng, Xin
Chen, Qiaobin
Li, Jing
Ma, Shurong
Li, Lizhi
Huang, Hongbiao
Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Revised: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2024 version). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital (Approval No. K2025-10-002) and the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University (Approval No. 2023CS244) through an expedited review process. Given the retrospective design and use of de-identified data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by both institutional review boards.