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Authors
Lowenthal, Elizabeth D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3855-8646
Balamuth, Francis
Chapman, Jennifer
Hyer, Erin
Blum, Jacqueline
Tsemberis, Elena
Hoffman, Christopher
Grundmeier, Robert W.
Himes, Blanca E.
Kan, Mengyuan
Mennella, Julie A.
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Revised: 2 March 2026
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Competing interests
: B.E.H. contributed to this article as an employee of the University of Pennsylvania. The views expressed are her own and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institutes of Health or the United States Government. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: For each pediatric study participant, a parent or legal guardian completed written informed consent, and the child underwent an age-appropriate assent process.
