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Authors
Guo, Yongqin
Dou, Yingying
Song, Wenxia
Wang, Lihong
Wang, Li
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Revised: 24 March 2026
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Ethics Approval No: CZSFYLL2024.026) and complies with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. As a prospective study, informed consent was obtained from all participants. During data collection and processing, all personal information was anonymized using coded identifiers to protect participant privacy.
