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Article History

Received: 18 November 2025

Revised: 8 April 2026

Accepted: 19 April 2026

First Online: 11 May 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or legal guardians of participating infants prior to enrollment. The consent process included: Detailed Explanation: Purpose of the study, procedures (umbilical cord blood sampling, neuroimaging), risks/benefits, and data confidentiality. Voluntary Participation: Emphasized the right to withdraw at any time without affecting clinical care. Documentation: Signed consent forms were archived securely. Data Confidentiality: All participant data were de-identified and stored in password-protected databases accessible only to the research team.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (Approval Number: 2021PS706K).