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Article History

Received: 16 October 2025

Revised: 22 February 2026

Accepted: 17 April 2026

First Online: 5 June 2026

Competing interests

: M.M. and R.A.G. report holding a patent relating to methods and compositions for promoting the neurological development for preterm infants (2009201540), owned by the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and licensed to Nu-Mega Ingredients. JFG’s institute has received funding to support conference attendance from NuMega Ingredients. No other authors reported any financial disclosures or conflicts of interest to declare.

: The original trial protocol and the informed consent document were approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of each study site. Australia: Southern Adelaide Clinical HREC (Coordinating HREC and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide); Women’s and Children’s Health Network HREC (Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide); The Royal Women’s Hospital HREC (Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne); The Southern Health HREC (Monash Medical Centre); Mercy Health HREC (Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne); Women and Newborn Health HREC (King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth); Hunter New England HREC (John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle; Liverpool Hospital, Sydney; Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney; Mater Mothers’ Hospital, Brisbane). New Zealand: Northern B Health and Disability HREC (Wellington Hospital, Wellington; Waikato Hospital, Hamilton). Singapore: SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board E (KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital).

: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating infants prior to enrolment in the study. Study procedures were reviewed and approved by human research ethics committees for each participating hospital. Parents were assured that declining participation would not affect the standard of care provided.

: Regulatory approvals were obtained for use of the study product from the Therapeutic Goods Administration clinical trial notification scheme, Australia; Medsafe Standing Committee on Therapeutic Trials, New Zealand and Health Products Regulation Group, Singapore.