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Article History

Received: 26 August 2020

Revised: 29 November 2020

Accepted: 11 December 2020

First Online: 28 January 2021

Compliance with ethical standards

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: HUA’s research is supported by core funding from the United Kingdom’s National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre. HUA currently receives funding from the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council (UK), Cancer Research UK, Prostate Cancer UK, The Urology Foundation, BMA Foundation, Imperial Health Charity, NIHR Imperial BRC, Sonacare Inc., Trod Medical and Sophiris Biocorp for trials in prostate cancer. HUA was a paid medical consultant for Sophiris Biocorp in the previous 3 years. ME’s research is supported by core funding from the United Kingdom’s National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) UCLH/UCL Biomedical Research Centre. He was awarded NIHR Senior Investigator in 2015. ME receives funding from NIHR-i4i, MRC (UK), Cancer Research UK, Sonacare Inc., Trod Medical, Cancer Vaccine Institute and Sophiris Biocorp for trials in prostate cancer. ME is a medical consultant to Sonacare Inc., Sophiris Biocorp, Steba Biotech, Exact Imaging and Profound Medical. CMM receives funding from the National Institute for Health Research, The European Association of Urology Research Foundation, MRC, Cancer Research UK, Prostate Cancer UK, Movember and the Cancer Vaccine Institute, for clinical prostate cancer research. She has received advisory board fees for Genomic Health. TTS receives funding from Prostate Cancer UK and the St Peters Trust for clinical research and has received funding for conference attendance from Astellis, Ferring and Galil Medical. HUA, ME, RH, CMM and MA are all proctors for HIFU and are paid for training other surgeons in this procedure. HUA and MA are proctors for cryotherapy and are paid for training other surgeons in this procedure. ME is a proctor for Irreversible Electroporation (Nanoknife) and is paid for training other surgeons in this procedure. HUA and RH are paid proctors for Rezum for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. MW receives a travel grant and a loan of device from Zicom Biobot. DR is funded by a research grant from Prostate Cancer UK and receives travel grants from Imperial Health Charity. EE receives funding from the Urology Foundation, the BMA Foundation for Medical Research, Imperial Health Charity and the Royal College of Surgeons of England. None of the other authors have anything to declare.

: Prospective data collection was approved locally by Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Research and Development department for service and quality assurance, therefore the requirement of informed consent of patients was waived. The study was performed in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.