Schaufler, Christian
Kaul, Sumedh
Fleishman, Aaron http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7338-8235
Korets, Ruslan
Chang, Peter
Wagner, Andrew
Kim, Simon
Bellmunt, Joaquim
Kaplan, Irving
Olumi, Aria F. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5356-2558
Gershman, Boris http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-7255
Article History
Received: 4 August 2022
Revised: 27 September 2022
Accepted: 8 November 2022
First Online: 25 November 2022
Competing interests
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) is a joint project of the Commission on Cancer (CoC) of the American College of Surgeons and the American Cancer Society. The CoC’s NCDB and the hospitals participating in the CoC NCDB are the source of the de-identified data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.
: The study was exempt from ethics or Institutional Review Board approval. It was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.