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Article History

Received: 23 February 2023

Revised: 27 July 2023

Accepted: 3 August 2023

First Online: 7 September 2023

Competing interests

: NDS certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (e.g. employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are as follows: NDS – grant support and consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Clovis Oncology, Dendreon, Ferring, GenesisCare, Janssen Oncology, Merck, Myovant, Pfizer, Sanofi–Genzyme, and Tolmar Pharmaceuticals. JWM – stock or other ownership with Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Bavarian Nordic, Eli Lilly, Procter & Gamble, Walgreens, AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Theralogix; honoraria from AbbVie, Bayer, Ferring, Dendreon, Janssen, Astellas Pharma, Sanofi, Genomic Health, GenomeDx, and Pfizer; consulting or advisory role with AbbVie, Bayer, Theralogix, Tolmar, and Blue Earth Diagnostics; speakers’ bureau for Bayer, Ferring, Dendreon, Janssen, Sanofi, Genomic Health, and GenomeDx; research funding from Astellas Pharma (Inst) and Pfizer (Inst). KJP – founder, equity holder of Keystone Biopharma, Inc.; consultant with Cue Biopharma, Inc.; research funding from Progenics, Inc. JC – founder, equity holder of Sofie Biosciences and Trethera Therapeutics; advisory board member of Actinium, Actis, RayzeBio, and Jubillant. MTK – grant support and consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Palette Life Sciences. SJF – consultant to Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Dendreon Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Merck, Myovant Sciences, Pfizer, and Sanofi.