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Article History

Received: 8 June 2023

Revised: 4 October 2023

Accepted: 11 October 2023

First Online: 26 October 2023

Competing interests

: The authors declare the following competing interests: RHJ has received honoraria from Merck Serono, Roche, and Starpharma; research funding from AstraZeneca; and compensation for travel, accommodations, and expenses from Bayer and Servier. KF and his institution have received honoraria from Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Janssen, and Sanofi; received compensation for a consulting or advisory role from Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, ESSA Pharma, Janssen Oncology, Novartis, Orion, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and received compensation for travel, accommodations, and expenses from AstraZeneca, Janssen, and MSD. NDJ has received honoraria from Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Janssen, and Sanofi; received compensation for a consulting or advisory role from Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Clovis Oncology, EUSA Pharma, Janssen, Pfizer, and Sanofi; is a member of the Speaker’s Bureau for Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Oncology, Merck, Pierre Fabre, and Sanofi; his institution has received research funding from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and he received compensation for travel, accommodations, and expenses from Janssen and Sanofi. TLT has received research funding from Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Janssen, and Pfizer. NM has received honoraria from Bayer, Chugai Pharma (institution), and Janssen; received compensation for a consulting or advisory role from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Lilly, and Sanofi; and his institution has received research funding from Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bayer Yakuhin, Chugai Pharma, Eisai, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, and Takeda. FP has received compensation for a consulting or advisory role for AstraZeneca. PB has no competing interests to disclose. TL has received compensation for a consulting or advisory role from Incyte, MSD, and Pierre Fabre; and received research funding from Roche. PB is employed by, has a leadership role, and owns stock and other interests in Terveystalo; owns stock or has other ownership interests in Faron Pharmaceuticals and TILT Biotherapeutics; and has received compensation for a consulting or advisory role from EUSA Pharma, Faron Pharmaceuticals, Herantis Pharma, Ipsen, MSD Oncology, Oncorena, and TILT Biotherapeutics. VK is employed by and has a leadership role in Kaiku Health. JAG has received honoraria from Amgen, Bayer, Janssen, Merck, and MJH Associates; received compensation for a consulting or advisory role for Bayer, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Sanofi, and Targeted Oncology; is a member of the Speaker’s Bureau for Bayer, Merck, Sanofi, and Sanofi/Aventis; his institution has received research funding from Genentech/Roche, Janssen Oncology, Lilly, Merck, Orion, and Pfizer; and has received compensation for travel, accommodations, and expenses from Bayer, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Janssen, Medivation/Astellas, Merck, and Sanofi. AP is employed by Genesis Cancer Care; received honoraria from Astellas Pharma, Eisai, Ipsen, Merck, Merck Serono, and MSD Oncology; and received compensation for travel, accommodations, and expenses from Bayer and EUSA Pharma. NS has received compensation for a consulting or advisory role from Abbvie, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb/Sanofi, CG Oncology, Clarity Pharmaceuticals, Clovis Oncology, Dendreon, Exact Imaging, Exact Sciences, FerGene, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Foundation Medicine, Genesis Cancer Care, Genzyme, InVitae, Janssen Scientific Affairs, Lantheus Medical Imaging, Lilly, MDxHealth, Medivation/Astellas, Merck, Myriad Genetics, Myovant Sciences, Nymox, Pacific Edge Biotechnology, Peerview, Pfizer, Phosphorus, Photocure, Propella Therapeutics, Sanofi, Sema4, Sesen Bio, Specialty Networks, Telix Pharmaceuticals, Tempus, Tolmar, Urogen Pharma, and Vaxiion; is a member of the Speakers’ Bureau for Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Clovis Oncology, Dendreon, Guardant Health, Janssen, Foundation Medicine, Merck, and Pfizer; has provided expert testimony for Ferring Pharmaceuticals; has received compensation for a relationship with Alessa Therapeutics and Photocure; and has received research funding from Abbvie, Advantagene, Amgen, Aragon Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Boston Scientific, CG Oncology, Clovis Oncology, Dendreon, DisperSol, Endocyte, Exact Imaging, Exelixis, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, FKD Therapies, FORMA Therapeutics, Foundation Medicine, Genentech, Guardant Health, InVitae, ISTARI Oncology, Janssen, Jiangsu Yahong Meditech, MDxHealth, Medivation, Merck, MT Group, Myovant Sciences, Myriad Genetics, Novartis, Nymox, OncoCellMDx, ORIC Pharmaceuticals, Pacific Edge, Palette Life Sciences, Pfizer, Plexxikon, POINT Biopharma, Propella Therapeutics, RhoVac, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, Sesen Bio, Steba Biotech, Theralase, Tolmar, Urogen Pharma, Urotronic, US Biotest, Vaxiion, Veru, and Zenflow. JA is an employee of and owns stock and other interests in Orion. HJ has received fees and other support from Orion Pharma; personal fees from Deciphera Pharmaceuticals and Neutron Therapeutics; and other support from Defence Therapeutics, Merck KGaA and Mersana Therapeutics; in addition, H. Joensuu owns stock of Sartar Therapeutics and has a patent for Sartar Therapeutics issued. IK is an employee of Bayer. SF-B is an employee and owns stock and other interests in Bayer. EV has no competing interests to disclose.