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Article History

Received: 24 February 2024

Revised: 3 July 2024

Accepted: 8 July 2024

First Online: 17 July 2024

Competing interests

: AJA has received support (to Duke) from the NIH/NCI, PCF/Movember, DOD, Astellas, Pfizer, Bayer, Janssen, Dendreon, BMS, AstraZeneca, Merck, Forma, Celgene, Amgen, Novartis and has consulting or advising relationships with Astellas, Pfizer, Bayer, Janssen, BMS, AstraZeneca, Merck, Forma, Celgene, Myovant, Exelixis, GoodRx, Novartis, Medscape, MJH, Z Alpha, Telix outside the submitted work. CH reported owning stock in Johnson and Johnson; receiving personal fees from Tempus, Genzyme, EMD Sorono, OncLive/MJH Life Sciences, Merck, and grants from Merck, Bausch Health, Genentech, Bayer, and AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. TBD reported consulting/advisory relationships with AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen, Sanofi. DK reported consulting/Honoraria for Exelixis, Pfizer. MJH life science; Advisory board for Eisai, Exelixis; institutional funding from Genetech, Exelixis; and speakers bureau for Aveo, Jannsen, Astellas. VSK reported consulting or advisory role for AstraZeneca, Janssen, Pfizer, EMD Serono, Seagen, Astellas, Guidepoint, GLG and ExpertConnect; has received research funding for the institution from Endocyte/Novartis, Nektar, Gilead, Janssen, Taiho, Merck and Seagen, individual research funding from Eli Lilly and is supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation. MTS reported being a consultant and/or received Honoria from Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Fibrogen, and Pfizer. He has received research funding to his institution from Novartis, Zenith Epigenetics, Eli Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Immunomedics, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Hoffmann-La Roche, Tmunity, SignalOne Bio, Epigenetix, Xencor, Incyte and Ambrx, Inc. RRM reported consulting or advisory board for Ambrx, AstraZeneca, Aveo, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Calithera, Caris, Dendreon, Exelixis, Eisai, Johnson & Johnson, Lilly, Merck, Myovant, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Seagen, Sorrento, Telix, Tempus. She has received istitutional research support Exelixis, BMS, AstraZeneca, Oncternal, Artera, Tempus. RG has received institutional research funding from Endocyte/Advanced Accelerator Applications, Pfizer, Amgen, Immunomedics, and Xencor outside the submitted work. MAB reported receiving personal fees from Exelixis, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Calithera Biosciences, Genomic Health, Nektar, EMD Serono, SeaGen, and Sanofi and grants from Merck, Xencor, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, SeaGen, Incyte, Nektar, AstraZeneca, Tricon Pharmaceuticals, Genome & Company, AAA, Peloton Therapeutics, and Pfizer outside the submitted work. AT reported receiving personal fees from Genzyme, Exelixis, Seattle Genetics, Deka Biosciences, and Aldi Biosciences and grants from EMD Serono and Aravive outside the submitted work. PCB reported receiving personal fees from AVEO Oncology, Bayer, Pfizer, Caris Life Sciences, AstraZeneca, Myovant, Curio Science, Targeted Oncology, Bristol Myers Squibb, MJH Life Sciences, Seagen, and Vaniam Group and grants from EMD Serono outside the submitted work ASA reported serving as an advisor to AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, and Pfizer. He has previously received institutional research funding from Arcus Biosciences, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genentech, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Janssen, Mirati Therapeutics, Progenics, Prometheus Laboratories, and Roche. He has also received travel and accommodation from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Merck.

: Not applicable. This was deemed IRB and patient consent exempt as a retrospective and centrally deidentified study with a central database.