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Authors
Friedrich, Nadine A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-0614
Janes, Jessica L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-0748
Parrish, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3636-5688
De Hoedt, Amanda M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-7702
Pruett, Janis
Fallick, Mark
Gandhi, Raj
Hong, Agnes
Tatonetti, Nicholas P.
Freedland, Stephen J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8104-6419
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2024
Revised: 6 May 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 4 July 2025
Competing interests
: Stephen Freedland, MD is a consultant for Sumitomo Pharma America, Pfizer, Astellas, Bayer, Johnson and Johnson, Sanofi, Tolmar, Novartis, Merck, and Astra Zeneca. All other authors report no proprietary or commercial interest in any product mentioned or concept discussed in this article. This study was presented at ASCO 2023 Annual Meeting.
: All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Durham VAHCS IRB (MIRB #1827), which permitted access to medical records for Veterans with prostate cancer nationwide. Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and use of de-identified data.
