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Article History

Received: 26 March 2025

Revised: 29 May 2025

Accepted: 10 July 2025

First Online: 25 July 2025

Competing interests

: SJF: received support for the present publication from Astellas and Pfizer; received consulting fees from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Myovant, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and Tolmar; received payment for speaker’s bureaus from Astellas Pharma, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, and Sanofi; participated on steering committees for Astellas Pharma/Pfizer. and Janssen; and received editorial support from Astellas Pharma and Pfizer. AH: received support for the present publication from Astellas Pharma; was a full-time employee of Astellas Pharma during the research period, and is currently employed at Pfizer; holds stock or other ownership interest at Pfizer. NE: received support for the present publication from Astellas Pharma; is a full-time employee of Astellas Pharma, and holds stocks or stock options with BNGO, RXRX, SNGX, and TNXP. AMD: received support for the present publication from Astellas Pharma (paid to institution); received grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, Blue Earth Diagnostics, Cedars-Sinai, Coloplast, Delfi Diagnostics, Exact Sciences, Ferring, Genomic Health, Guardant Health, Janssen, LungLife AI, Merck, Myovant Sciences, Myriad Genetics, Novartis, Pfizer, Photocure, Prostatype Genomics, Reinvestment Partners, University of California, Los Angeles, and VIR Biotechnology (all paid to institution). JK: is a full-time employee of Astellas Pharma. CE: Received support for the present manuscript from Astellas Pharma (paid to institution); received grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, Blue Earth Diagnostics, Cedars-Sinai, Coloplast, Delfi Diagnostics, Exact Sciences, Ferring, Genomic Health, Guardant Health, Janssen, LungLife AI, Merck, Myovant Sciences, Myriad Genetics, Novartis, Pfizer, Photocure, Prostatype Genomics, Reinvestment Partners, University of California, Los Angeles, and VIR Biotechnology (all paid to institution). JAP: received support for the present manuscript from Astellas Pharma (paid to institution); received grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, Blue Earth Diagnostics, Cedars-Sinai, Coloplast, Delfi Diagnostics, Exact Sciences, Ferring, Genomic Health, Guardant Health, Janssen, LungLife AI, Merck, Myovant Sciences, Myriad Genetics, Novartis, Pfizer, Photocure, Prostatype Genomics, Reinvestment Partners, University of California, Los Angeles, and VIR Biotechnology (all paid to institution). MT: is a full-time employee of Astellas Pharma. KR: is a full-time employee of Pfizer; received support for travel, accommodations and expenses from Pfizer; holds stock or other ownership interests with BMS, Johnson & Johnson, and Pfizer. LG: none to declare TJP: received support for the present manuscript from Astellas Pharma; is chair of the Board of Directors for the Focal Therapy Society (unpaid).

: This study received Institutional Review Board and Research and Development approval from the Durham VA Health Care System with waiver of informed consent (IRB#1827). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.