Likasitwatanakul, Pornlada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3531-3851
Besonen, Carissa https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6586-800X
Tsai, Alexander K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-1946
Sadeghipour, Negar
Elliott, Andrew
Arafa, Ali T.
Passow, Rachel
Chesner, Lisa
Felices, Martin
Kennedy, Philippa R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-5440
Patnaik, Akash
Narayan, Vivek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8205-738X
Hamrick, James
Sena, Laura A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-9546
Zorko, Nicholas A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-968X
Hwang, Justin H.
Antonarakis, Emmanuel S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0031-9655
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30 CA077598, R37CA288972)
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-22-2-0025)
American Cancer Society (PF-23-1153194-01-CDP)
Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Revised: 27 September 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 25 October 2025
Competing interests
: JH consults for Tempus and Astrin Biosciences and is a co-founder of EMRGNSE. ESA reports grants and personal fees from Janssen, Sanofi, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Curium, Merck, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Clovis, Constellation; personal fees from Astellas, Amgen, Blue Earth, Exact Sciences, Invitae, Eli Lilly, and Foundation Medicine; grants from Novartis, Celgene, and grants from Orion outside the submitted work; and has a patent for an AR-V7 biomarker technology that has been licensed to Qiagen. Other co-authors report no conflicts of interest.