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Authors
Younis, Salim K. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6596-9100
Soputro, Nicolas A.
Pedraza, Adriana M.
Mikesell, Carter D.
Al-Bayati, Abdulrahman
Rai, Samarpit
Wang, Lin
Bernardino, Rui M.
Olivares, Ruben https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-7106
Eltemamy, Mohamed
Schwen, Zeyad R.
Autorino, Riccardo
Kaouk, Jihad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-6069
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Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Revised: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Competing interests
: JK serves as a consultant for Intuitive Surgical and Vascular Technology Inc. RA serves as a proctor for Intuitive Surgical. ZRS serves as a proctor and consultant for Intuitive Surgical. The remaining authors have no disclosures.
: This study was approved by the Cleveland Clinic Institutional Review Board (IRB) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The need for informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study (IRB protocol number: 14-265).
