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Article History

Received: 4 September 2025

Revised: 18 December 2025

Accepted: 19 January 2026

First Online: 26 January 2026

Competing interests

: UMV reports speaker or consultancy honoraria from Accord (P), Astellas (I, P), Astra Zeneca (I), Bayer (I, P), European School of Oncology (ESO) (I) The healthbook Times (I, P) Janssen Cielag (I), Merck (I), MSD (I), Novartis AAA (I), Oncology Compass (I), SAKK (I), SAMO (I, P), travel grants from Astra Zenecka, Janssen, Merck and Ipsen (P), Grant Funding from Fond’Action Research Grant (I). SAKK PG UG president and Editor in Chief of the Healthbook Times. SG reports consulting fees from Tolremo, Ipsen, and Avalere Health; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Silvio Grasso Consulting, WebMD-Medscape, Peer Voice, European Society for Medical Oncology, Meister ConCept, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), DESO, AdMeTech Foundation, EPG Health, and Intellisphere; support for attending meetings or travel from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Intellisphere, and Gilead; patents planned, issued, or pending for prostate cancer biomarkers (WO2009138392); participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Orion, Bayer, Astrazeneca, Myriad Genetic, Amgen, MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Innomedica, Macrogenics, Astellas, and Novartis; and leadership or fiduciary roles in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid for Pfizer, Unicancer, LinkinVax, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference Society, Fond’action, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, American Society of Oncology. MDM received honoraria for consultancy or participation to advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Takeda, Viatris, Eisai, Daiichi Sankyo and institutional funding for work in clinical trials/contracted research from Beigene, Exelixis, MSD, Pfizer and Roche, all unrelated to the present work. FT reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Silvio Grasso Consulting, SAKK, Merck, Novartis and Bayer; support for attending meetings or travel from Bayer; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Bayer.