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Article History

Received: 18 January 2025

Revised: 4 May 2025

Accepted: 14 May 2025

First Online: 17 June 2025

Competing interests

: K-W.L. disclosed institutional research funding (to the institution) from InventisBio for conducting the clinical trial related to this report; research funding (to the institution; outside of the submitted work) for conducting clinical trials from AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp and Dohme, ONO pharmaceutical, Merck KGaA, Roche, BeiGene, Leap therapeutics, ALX Oncology, Zymeworks, Astellas, Macrogenics, Amgen, Seagen, Bolt therapeutics, Trishula therapeutics, MedPacto, Green Cross Corp, Y-BIOLOGICS, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Elevar Therapeutics, Metafines, Idience, Genome & Company, Exelixis, Panolos Bioscience; has participated on data safety monitoring boards or advisory boards for ALX Oncology and Metafines; has received consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Astellas, Bayer (outside the submitted work); and honoraria for lectures or presentation from Merck KGaA, Daiichi Sankyo, Astellas, Sanofi-Aventis (outside the submitted work). M.M. reports study payments from InventisBio; reports consulting fees from Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Merck Serono, Guardant Health, The Limbic, Beigene, Amgen, Merck, IQVIA, and Eli Lilly, participates on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Novartis. S.M.G. reports consulting fees from Pfizer, Takeda, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Astra-Zeneca, Genentech/Roche, Daichii, Abbvie, Arcus, Blueprint, Mirati, Merck, Esai, Lilly, Novartis, Bayer, Gilead; reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from Merck, Mirati; participates on advisory board for Astra-Zeneca. R.E.S. reports grants or contracts from AstraZeneca and Merck; reports consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Janssen Oncology, Macrogenics, Daiichi, Sanofi, BeiGene, Gilead, Regeneron, Targeted Oncology, G1 Therapeutics, GE HealthCare, Amgen, and Lilly Oncology; reports Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations from EMD Serono, Illumina, GameOn!, OncLive, Binay Foundation, APP Oncology, and Masters in Thoracic Oncology Summit; participates on advisory board for GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Janssen Oncology, Macrogenics, Daiichi, Sanofi, BeiGene, Gilead, Regeneron, Targeted Oncology, G1 Therapeutics, GE HealthCare, Amgen, and Lilly Oncology. Y.Z., L.L. and X.X. report InventisBio employment. Z.X., Z.S., Y.W. and L.Z. report InventisBio employment and stock. R.-H.X. reports speaker fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, MerckSerono, Hutchison, Hengrui, Junshi, Qilu, CPPC, Henlius, and participates on advisory board for Astellas, MSD, AstraZeneca, Junshi, Hengrui, BeiGene. Innovent, CPPC, and Keymed. All other authors declare no competing interests.