Mallah, Khalil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-8106
Krieg, Carsten
Hatchell, Devin
Hamouda, Nahla
Roof, Tylar
Walterhouse, Stephen
Toutonji, Amer
Borucki, Davis
Couch, Christine
Hardiman, Gary
Kobeissy, Firas
Guglietta, Silvia
Tomlinson, Stephen
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (BX004256, BX005853, RX03958, IK6BX005235, BX006450)
Brain Injury Association of America
U.S. Department of Defense (HT94252510707)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (TL1 TR001451 & UL1 TR001450)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01 CA258882)
American Cancer Society (RSG-24-1255025-01)
Article History
Received: 5 February 2025
Revised: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.