Hu, Qinchao
Zhao, Hui
Zhou, Kaicheng
Tian, Xuefei
Wang, Qian
Hua, Xianxin
Zhang, Xuyao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1654-5550
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200745)
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Revised: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Competing interests
: H.Z. is an employee of Byterna Therapeutics and the inventor on patents for Hi-Scarless-PIE and cmRNA-based CARs (PCT/CN2024/076385 and CN119662682A). No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed by the other authors.