Neal, Chris J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5072-6454
Hazenbiller, Olesja
Hofstetter, Christoph P.
Aarabi, Bizhan
Harrop, James S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0943-3406
Fehlings, Michael G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-6364
Kurpad, Shekar
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-8767
Kwon, Brian K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-8280
Guest, James D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-0286
Funding for this research was provided by:
AOSpine
Article History
Received: 30 June 2024
Revised: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2025
First Online: 25 March 2025
Competing interests
: Dr. Michael Fehlings is a co-author of this study and the Editor-in-Chief of Spinal Cord. He was not involved in handling this manuscript during the submission and review processes. No other conflicts have been identified.