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Authors
Koga, Ryuichiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5658-4218
Kakuma, Tatsuyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3713-3099
Sakai, Hiroaki
Hayashi, Tetsuo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1015-4922
Kubota, Kensuke
Matsumoto, Satoko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-2997
Sugyo, Atsushi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-0238
Ideta, Ryosuke
Watanabe, Ryoichi
Ehara, Yoshito
Yamamoto, Masaaki
Kyoya, Masaaki
Ariji, Yuto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-5037
Murai, Satoshi
Ifuku, Ryusei
Ogata, Toru
Suda, Kota https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-987X
Maeda, Takeshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2594-1128
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The General Insurance Association of Japan
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Revised: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2025
First Online: 3 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Spinal Injuries Center Ethics Committee [19–4] based on the Declaration of Helsinki. Written and verbal explanations of the contents of this study were provided to the participants, and informed consent was obtained. We declare that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations regarding the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during the course of this research.
