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Authors
Liu, Chien-Po
Pan, Shin-Liang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-4666
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Revised: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 9 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University Hospital. The approval number is 201912207RIND. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant institutional and governmental guidelines and regulations. All individuals’ data were encrypted to protect individual privacy and allow for anonymous analysis. Therefore, it obviated the need for informed consent as the database consists of de-identified data intended for research use.
