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Factors associated with long-term survival after traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury: a 12-year population-based retrospective cohort study in Italy

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-025-01162-1

Published Online: 2025-12-23

Published Print: 2026-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Borraccino, Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-8775
Onorati, Roberta

Conti, Alessio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-8924
Ricotti, Andrea

Mamo, Carlo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-2062
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-23

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-23
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Article History

Received: 29 March 2025

Revised: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 23 December 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The Italian National Information System databases, including Hospital Discharge, Census, and Mortality data, are official, anonymized health systems. Patient data is centrally anonymized and accessible only to authorized institutions for epidemiological and health studies without further approvals. Therefore, ethics committee approval was not further needed. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant national and international guidelines and regulations, including GDPR (EU Regulation 2016/679) and Italian data protection legislation (Legislative Decrees 101/2018, 196/2003, and amendments). This study used statistical data shared under ethical rules for National Statistical System research, as per Legislative Decree 33/2013 (amended by 97/2016 and 101/2018).

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