Chu, Jackie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-2788
Glinsky, Joanne V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8188-3583
Liu, Hueiming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-8673
Roberts, Sharon
Rimmer, Christine
Tamburella, Federica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-1010
Lincoln, Claire
Di Natal, Fernanda
Chen, Lydia W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-034X
Rainey, Donna
Jørgensen, Vivien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9437-7009
van der Lede, Jessica
van Laake-Geelen, Charlotte C. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-5415
McDonald, Mark
Gollan, Emilie J.
Paddison, Sue
Bell, Chris
Oostra, Kristine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-4884
Van Roey, Lot
Ben, Marsha https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0331-9801
Tranter, Keira T.
Scivoletto, Giorgio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-6952
Spooren, Annemie I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9444-1349
Stolwijk, Janneke K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6793-691X
Harvey, Lisa A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4365-0236
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wings for Life
New South Wales Ministry of Health, Australia
Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Revised: 18 January 2026
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interest.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committees representing the Northern Sydney Local Health District (for the Australia sites, 2020/ETH02540), Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS (for the Italian site; Prot. CE/PROG.928), Medical Ethics Committee of Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven (for the Adelante site and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation Site in The Netherlands: CCMO code: NL78377.015.21), Central Committee on Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, Norway (for the Norwegian site, 278129), Yorkshire and The Humber – Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (for the UK sites: 21/YH/0306) and Ethische Commissie Onderzoek UZ/KULeuven (for the Belgium sites: S65931). We certify that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during the course of this research.