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Authors
Ríos-León, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-139X
Palazón-García, Ramiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-3822
Hernández-Bautista, Miguel
Escobar-Sánchez, Isabel
Menchero, Raquel
Segura-Fragoso, Antonio
Taylor, Julian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-2348
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Revised: 18 March 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was previously approved by the local Clinical Research Ethics Committee (approval number #2559/674). This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki. We certify that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during the course of this research.
: All methods were performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki [ ], the Guideline for the Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures [ ] and the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) [ ]. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of National Hospital of Paraplegics (approval number #2559/674). Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study.
