Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 November 2020

Revised: 20 January 2021

Accepted: 12 February 2021

First Online: 20 April 2021

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: AQ: No conflicts, JMP: DePuy Synthes Spine (consulting); NuVasive (consulting); Zimmer Biomet (consulting), AFS: DePuy Synthes Spine (consulting); Ethicon (consulting); Globus Medical (consulting); NuVasive (royalties and consulting); Stryker (consulting); Zimmer Biomet (consulting), SWH: Auctus (stocks/options); NuVasive (speakers bureau, consulting); Zimmer Biomet (speakers bureau, consulting), PJC: NuVasive (consultant); JBJS-A (editorial or governing board); POSNA (board or committee member); SRS (Board or committee member); Spine Deformity (editorial or governing board), RRB: Abyrx (stocks/options); Addivation (paid consultant); DePuy Synthes Spine (royalties, speakers bureau; paid consultant); Electrocore (stocks/options); Globus Medical (royalties, speakers bureau, paid consultant); H-CYTE, Inc. (stocks/options); Life Unit (stocks/options); Molecular Surface Technologies (stocks/options); Orthobond (stocks/options); Orthopediatric Corp. (paid consultant, stocks/options); Pacira/Iovera (paid consultant); SpineGuard (royalties, paid consultant, stocks/options); SpineSTUD (stocks/options); SpineWelding (paid consultant); Thieme Medical Publishers (publishers royalties); Wishbone Medical (paid consultant, stocks/options); Whipple Betz Partnership (owner/partner 49%).