Mena, Maximiliano https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4186-5221
Carrasco, Matías
Cerpa, Leslie C.
Cayún, Juan P.
Torres, Valentina https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0645-6686
Quiñones, Luis A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-5320
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education, Government of Chile | National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research | Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (IT2010003)
Ministry of Education, Government of Chile | National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research | Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (IT2010003)
Ministry of Education, Government of Chile | National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research | Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (IT2010003)
Ministry of Education, Government of Chile | National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research | Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (IT2010003)
Ministry of Education, Government of Chile | National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research | Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (IT2010003)
Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Revised: 16 March 2026
Accepted: 10 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: This study was based on secondary data analysis and simulation modelling, using previously published and non-identifiable data. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. No direct involvement of human participants or animals was performed, and no identifiable personal data were used. Therefore, ethics committee approval and informed consent were not required for this study.