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Article History

Received: 19 November 2020

Revised: 2 December 2020

Accepted: 4 December 2020

First Online: 1 February 2021

Conflict of interest

: DC, ET, JT, JM, YA, AJD, BK, AP, SMW, BK, DVI, CMH, JL, JGE, KR, KJR, and NP report no financial disclosures. CBN: Research/Grants: National Institutes of Health; consulting (last 3 years): Xhale, Takeda, Taisho Pharmaceutical Inc., Signant Health, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Janssen Research & Development LLC, Magstim, Inc., Navitor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sunovion, TC MSO, Inc., Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., EMA Wellness, Gerson Lehrman Group, and Acadia Pharmaceuticals; stockholder: Xhale, Celgene, Seattle Genetics, AbbVie, OPKO Health, Inc., Antares, BI Gen Holdings, Inc., Corcept Therapeutics, TC MSO, Inc., Trends in Pharma Development, LLC, and EMA Wellness; scientific advisory boards: American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP), Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, Xhale, Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA), Skyland Trail, Signant Health, and Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Inc.; board of directors: AFSP, Gratitude America, ADAA, and Xhale Smart, Inc.; income sources or equity of $10,000 or more: American Psychiatric Publishing, Xhale, Signant Health, CME Outfitters, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., Magstim, and EMA Wellness; patents: Method and devices for transdermal delivery of lithium (US 6,375,990B1), Method of assessing antidepressant drug therapy via transport inhibition of monoamine neurotransmitters by ex vivo assay (US 7,148,027B2), and Compounds, Compositions, Methods of Synthesis, and Methods of Treatment (CRF Receptor Binding Ligand) (US 8,551, 996 B2). WEC is a board member of Hugarheill ehf, an Icelandic company dedicated to the prevention of depression, and he receives book royalties from John Wiley & Sons. His research is also supported by the Mary and John Brock Foundation and the Fuqua family foundations. He is a consultant to the George West Mental Health Foundation and is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the ADAA and the AIM for Mental Health Foundation. BWD has received research support from Acadia, Aptinyx, Axsome, Compass Pathways, Intracellular Therapies, Janssen, Sage, and Takeda. He has served as a consultant for Aptinyx, Greenwich Biosciences, Myriad Neuroscience, Otsuka, and Sophren Therapeutics. HSM receives consulting and intellectual property licensing fees from Abbott Neuromodulation. SJM is supported through the use of facilities and resources at the Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, and has served as a consultant to Alkermes, Allergan, Signant Health, Clexio Biosciences, Janssen, Neurocrine, Perception Neurosciences, Praxis Precision Medicines, Sage Therapeutics, and Seelos Therapeutics. He has received research support from Biohaven Pharmaceuticals and VistaGen Therapeutics. In the past 5 years, DVI has received consulting fees from Alkermes, Axsome, Centers for Psychiatric Excellence, Global Medical Education, MYnd Analytics (CNS Response), Jazz, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Precision Neuroscience, Sage, and Sunovion, and has received research support (through his academic institutions) from Alkermes, Astra Zeneca, BrainsWay, LiteCure, NeoSync, Roche, Shire, and Otsuka. TCN has received study medication from Corcept Therapeutics and served as a consultant for Jazz Pharmaceuticals. Over the last 5 years, DVI has received consulting fees from Axsome, Alkermes, Centers of Psychiatric Excellence, MYnd Analytics (CNS Response), Jazz, Lundbeck, Precision Neuroscience, Otsuka, and Sunovion, and has received research support (through his academic institutions) from Alkermes, Astra Zeneca, BrainsWay, LiteCure, NeoSync, Roche, and Shire. EBB is the coinventor of FKBP5: a novel target for antidepressant therapy, European Patent no. EP 1687443 B1, and receives a research grant from Böhringer Ingelheim for a collaboration on functional investigations of FKBP5.