Onwordi, Ellis Chika https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-1225
Whitehurst, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-902X
Shatalina, Ekaterina
Carr, Richard
Mansur, Ayla
Arumuham, Atheeshaan
Osugo, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-8464
Marques, Tiago Reis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-7661
Jauhar, Sameer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-3659
Gupta, Susham
Pappa, Sofia
Mehrotra, Ravi
Ranger, Maja
Rahaman, Nikola
Rabiner, Eugenii A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-6687
Gunn, Roger N.
Natesan, Sridhar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-1714
Howes, Oliver D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-1972
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Health Research - Academic Clinical Fellowship
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC_U120097115, MR/W005557/1, MR/V013734/1)
Wellcome Trust (094849/Z/10/Z)
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London
Article History
Received: 27 March 2024
Revised: 8 January 2025
Accepted: 31 January 2025
First Online: 1 March 2025
Competing interests
: SP has received honoraria as a consultant or speaker from Janssen, Recordati, Sunovion, Lundbeck, Rovi and Otsuka and a research grant from Recordati, all outside the submitted work. EAR and RNG are employees of Invicro LLC. AM was an employee of Invicro LLC during the completion of much of this work. TRM has received honoraria for speaking and chairing from Lundbeck, Janssen, and Astellas and received honoraria to participate in advisory boards organized by Angelini Pharmaceuticals. In the last 3 years, SJ has given nonpromotional educational talks for Lundbeck, Janssen, and Sunovion. ODH has received investigator-initiated research funding from and/or participated in advisory/speaker meetings organized by Angellini, Autifony, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Heptares, Global Medical Education, Invicro, Jansenn, Lundbeck, Neurocrine, Otsuka, Sunovion, Recordati, Roche, and Viatris/Mylan. ODH has a patent for the use of dopaminergic imaging. The other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.