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Authors
Hwang, Hyeon-Ho https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3563-3782
Choi, Kang-Min
Kim, Sungkean
Lee, Seung-Hwan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0305-3709
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00455484)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00262568)
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Article History
Received: 1 July 2024
Revised: 17 March 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2025
First Online: 12 April 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures were conducted in compliance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Approval for this retrospective study was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital (IRB no. 2018-12-012). The IRB formally waived the requirement for informed consent in accordance with established protocols for retrospective studies analyzing existing medical records without additional patient contact.
