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Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Information Technology
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NIH Office of the Director
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (Z01HG200362)
Article History
Received: 20 June 2024
Revised: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 20 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: BMP serves on the Data and Safety Monitoring Board of a clinical trial funded by the manufacturer (Zoll LifeCor) and on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open Data Access Project funded by Johnson & Johnson; CMvD was sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline; HJG received travel grants and speakers honoraria from Fresenius Medical Care, Neuraxpharm and Janssen Cilag as well as research funding from Fresenius Medical Care; JBJ serves in the Advisory Board Novartis; Patent holder with Biocompatibles UK Ltd. (Franham, Surrey, UK) (Title: Treatment of eye diseases using encapsulated cells encoding and secreting neuroprotective factor and / or anti-angiogenic factor; Patent number: 20120263794), and Europäische Patentanmeldung 16 720 043.5 and Patent application US 2019 0085065 A1 (Agents for use in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of myopia or hyperopia).
: For all participating cohorts, the appropriate institutional review boards approved research activities and informed consent was obtained from each participant. Further details on all participating cohorts is given in the .