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Authors
Qiu, Bowen https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8426-5005
Qian, Rui
Gu, Baorong
Li, Zichao
Chen, Zhifan
Xu, Xinyi
Gao, Huaijin
Chen, Yiwei
Zhao, Ruoke
Chen, Ruike
Zhang, Yuqi
Zhang, Lingxuan
Zhao, Zhiyong
Li, Mingyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1639-9891
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32427802, U24A200313)
Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology | Department of S and T for Social Development (2021ZD0200202)
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Article History
Received: 12 January 2025
Revised: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 17 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The ABCD Study was approved by a central Institutional Review Board at the University of California, San Diego and each site also obtained approval from their respective Institutional Review Boards. Parents or guardians provided written informed consent, and children provided assent.
