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Authors
Shen, Hanyang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3273-9777
Stafford, Ciera https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1438-474X
Meijsen, Joeri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-2199
Zhang, Lijin
Reiter, Jacob
Lawn, Rebecca B.
Smith, Alicia K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8537-5156
Vermuri, Mytilee https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0847-4825
Duncan, Laramie E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1131-661X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH123486 [Duncan], R21 MH125358 [Duncan])
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2024
Revised: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 6 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the UK Biobank. Participants were fully informed before they consented to participate in data collection. UK Biobank has a Research Tissue Bank (RTB) approval from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC). According to the UK Biobank, “This approval means that researchers do not require separate ethical clearance and can operate under the RTB approval”. Stanford University determined that this work was not human subjects research, and it is therefore exempt from full Institutional Review Board (IRB) review (protocol #76534 to L. Duncan).
