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Authors
Parker, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0240-4741
Trotti, Rebekah L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-5219
McDowell, Jennifer E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8134-3678
Keedy, Sarah K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2139-9271
Keshavan, Matcheri S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-888X
Pearlson, Godfrey D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-5185
Gershon, Elliot S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-8631
Ivleva, Elena I.
Huang, Ling-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-8590
Sauer, Kodiak https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7149-8294
Hill, S. Kristian
Sweeney, John A.
Tamminga, Carol A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-5697
Clementz, Brett A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-9594
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002378, TL1TR002382, UL1TR002378, TL1TR002382)
John and Mary Franklin Foundation Neuroimagining Training Fellowship
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH124807, MH127174, MH078113, MH096942, MH127158, MH124802, MH077945, MH096957, MH124804, MH127162, MH103368, MH077851, MH096913, MH127179, MH124813, MH124803, MH126398, MH096900, MH124806, MH103366, MH124802, MH124802)
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2023
Revised: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 30 July 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Competing interests
: David A. Parker: None. Rebekah L. Trotti: None. Jennifer E. McDowell: B-SNIP Diagnostics, Board of Managers. Sarah K. Keedy: B-SNIP Diagnostics, Board of Managers. Matcheri S. Keshavan: B-SNIP Diagnostics, Board of Managers; Advisor to Alkermes. Godfrey D. Pearlson: B-SNIP Diagnostics, Board of Managers. Elliot S. Gershon: B-SNIP Diagnostics, Board of Managers; Consultant: Kynexis Corporation. Elena I. Ivleva: B-SNIP Diagnostics, Board of Managers; Consultant, Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Consultant, Alkermes; Consultant, Karuna Therapeutics. Ling-Yu Huang: None. Kodiak Sauer: None. S. Kristian Hill: None. John A. Sweeney: None. Carol A. Tamminga: B-SNIP Diagnostics, Board of Managers; Kynexis, Scientific Advisory Board and receive a retainer; Karuna Therapeutics, Scientific Advisory Board and Own Stock. Brett A. Clementz: B-SNIP Diagnostics, Board of Managers; Kynexis Corporation, Scientific Advisory Board. A patent application No. PCT/US2025/020864, filed on March 21, 2025, covers the core algorithm described in this manuscript.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration following all relevant guidelines and regulations. All procedures involving human participants were approved by the respective site’s institutional review board (IRB) and ethics committees (STU0702013-063, HHC-2014-0050, IRB14-0917, 2014P-000253). All participants provided their informed consent to take part in the study. In addition, written consent for publication of relevant imaging material was obtained from all participants.
