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Authors
Lin, Shih-Kai Kevin
Chen, Hsi-Chung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-0093
Chen, I-Ming
Hsu, Cheng-Dien
Huang, Ming-Chyi
Liu, Chih-Min https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-8990
Wu, Shu-I
Chen, Po-Yu
Chen, Chun-Hsin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-8556
Kuo, Po-Hsiu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-3587
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Taiwan University (109L7860)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2025
Revised: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei City Hospital Heping Songde Branch, Mackay Memorial Hospital, and Taiwan Adventist Hospital. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Taiwan University Hospital (Approval No. 201812189RINC), Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital (Approval No. 202207051), Taipei City Hospital Heping Songde Branch (Approval No. TCHIRB-10904010), Mackay Memorial Hospital (Approval No. 19MMHIS378e), and Taiwan Adventist Hospital (Approval No. 106-E-34). Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Written informed consent for publication of identifiable images was not applicable, as no identifiable images were included in this study.
