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Authors
Sadat-Nejad, Younes
Vandewouw, Marlee M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4505-0306
Brian, Jessica
Crosbie, Jennifer
Schachar, Russell J.
Iaboni, Alana
Kelley, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-6542
Jones, Jessica
Taylor, Margot J.
Ayub, Muhammad
Nicolson, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-7038
Syed, Bilal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-5488
Hammill, Christopher
Georgiades, Stelios
Arnold, Paul D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-4624
Lerch, Jason P.
Anagnostou, Evdokia
Kushki, Azadeh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-8818
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2024
Revised: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 30 August 2025
Competing interests
: Dr Nicolson reported receiving grants from Brain Canada, Hoffman La Roche, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, and Maplight Therapeutics outside the submitted work. Dr Anagnostou reported receiving grants from Roche and Anavex; receiving nonfinancial support from AMO Pharma and CRA-Simons Foundation; and receiving personal fees from Roche, Impel, Ono, and Quadrant outside the submitted work; in addition, Dr Anagnostou had a patent for Anxiety Meter issued 14/755/084 (United States) and a patent for Anxiety Meter pending 2,895,954 (Canada) as well as receiving royalties from APPI and Springer. Dr Kushki reported receiving grants from National Science and Engineering Research Council during the conduct of the study; in addition, Dr Kushki had a patent for Anxiety Meter with royalties paid from Awake Labs. No other disclosures were reported. Dr Kushki is the inventor of a software called holly (formerly “Anxiety Meter”). She is involved in commercialising the holly (patents US 9,844,332 B2) and will financially benefit from its sales. Dr Kushki served on the board of advisors for Shaftesbury, a media company developing virtual reality products for autistic children, from February 2020 to February 2021, and was compensated financially for this role. She has also received consulting fees from DNAStack and donations of hardware for her research program from Samsung Canada.
