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Article History
Received: 2 July 2024
Revised: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental procedures involving animals were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University, Approval No. KT20242238). No human participants were involved in this study.
